Ethics
(also moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.
Code of Ethics
A collection of principles that are
intended to guide decision making by members of an organization.
1- Ethical Issues
Utilitarian Approach: is a theory in normative ethics holding that the moral action is the one that maximizes utility. Utility is defined in various ways, including as pleasure, economic well-being and the lack of suffering.
Rights Approach: An ethical action is the one that best
protects and respects the moral rights of affected people
Moral
Rights:
*The
right to make your own choices
*The
right to be told the truth
*The
right of privacy
Fairness Approach:Ethical actions treat all human beings
equally, or, if unequally, then fairly , based on some defensible standard.
Common good Approach:Highlights the interlocking relationships that underlie all societies.
2- Fundamental
Tenets of Ethics
A code of ethics is a specific and organized set of guidelines governing behavior within a profession or organization.
Responsibility
means that you accept the consequences of
your decisions and actions.
Accountability
a determination of who is responsible for
actions that were taken
Liability
a legal concept meaning that individuals
have the right to recover the damages done to them by other individuals,
organizations, or systems
is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves, or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively
Information
Privacy: is the relationship between collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.
Accuracy Issues
involve
the authenticity, fidelity and accuracy of information that is collected and processed
Property Issues
involve
the ownership and value of information.
Accessibility Issues
revolve
around who should have access to information and whether they should have to
pay for this access.
3- Threats to Privacy
Data aggregators: The source information for data aggregation may originate from public records and criminal databases. The information is packaged into aggregate reports and then sold to businesses, as well as to local, state, and government agencies.
Digital dossiers
an electronic description of you and your
habit
Profiling
use of computers to combine data from
multiple sources and create digital
dossiers of detailed information on
individuals
*NORA (nonobvious relationship awareness)
new data analysis technique for even more
powerful profiling
*Electronic Surveillance: The tracking of people‘s activities
,online or offline,
with the aid of computers
Personal
Information
in Databases
Information
about individuals is being kept in many databases:
Bank
*Utility
companies
*Government
agencies
*Credit
reporting companies
Social
Networking Sites: This is a list of major active social networking websites and excludes dating websites (see Comparison of online dating websites). For defunct social networking websites, see List of defunct social networking websites.
4- Protecting Privacy
An organization’s guidelines with respect
to protecting the privacy of customers, clients, and employees.
Opt-out
Model
informed
consent permits the company to collect personal information until the customer
specifically requests that the data not be collected.
Opt-in
Model
informed
consent means that organizations are prohibited from collecting any personal
information unless the customer specifically authorizes it.
4- P3P Platform for Privacy Preferences Project
is a protocol allowing websites to declare their intended use of information they collect about web browserusers. Designed to give users more control of their personal information when browsing, P3P was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and officially recommended on April 16, 2002
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