*computer network
A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data connections (network links). Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet.
Bandwidth: the transmission
capacity of a network. It is stated in bits per second (bps)
Broadband: Network
transmission capacities ranging from approximately 1 million bps (megabits/second) up to several terabits / second
How computer networks connect and work
*Types of Computer Networks
v Local Area Networks (LAN): connects
two or more devices in a limited geographical region(usually within the same
building) so that every device on the network can communicate with every other
device.
v Wide Area Networks
(WAN): covers
a large geographical area and have large capacity,Provided by telecommunication companies,WANs also contain routers
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v Enterprise Networks: A
network, encompassing an organization, composed of interconnected multiple LANs
and WANs
Digital Signals:
Discrete pulses that are either ON or OFF
, representing a series of bits (0s and 1s)
*Communication Media and Channels
In telecommunications and computer networking, a communication channel or channel, refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel.
1.Wire-line Media (Cable) :
Twisted-Pair Wire
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-optic Cable
( click here) wireline link
2.Wireless Media (Broadcast):
Microwave
Satellite
Radio
Infrared
* Transmission Technologies
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL):A technology that provides high-speed transmission of digital
data over existing copper telephone lines
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): according to the ATM Forum, a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU (formerly CCITT) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): according to the ATM Forum, a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU (formerly CCITT) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals
*Network Protocol
In information technology, a protocol is the special set of rules that end points in
telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols specify interactions
between the communicating entities
Ethernet: A common LAN protocol.
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) :The Protocol of the Internet
Packet Switching :Technology that breaks blocks of text into small, fixed bundles of data
In information technology, a protocol is the special set of rules that end points in
telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols specify interactions
between the communicating entities
Ethernet: A common LAN protocol.
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) :The Protocol of the Internet
Packet Switching :Technology that breaks blocks of text into small, fixed bundles of data
and routes them in the most economical way through any available
communication channel
*Types of Network Processing
is an integrated circuit which has a feature set specifically targeted
at the networking application domain.
Network processors are typically software programmable devices and would have generic
characteristics similar to general purpose central processing units that are commonly used in
many different types of equipment and products
Distributed Processing
Divides processing work among two or more computers
Client-Server Computing
Links two or more computers in an arrangement in which some machines, called
Servers, provide computing services of users PCs,called Clients.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) processing
A type of client-server distributed processing where each computer acts as both a
client and a server
*The Internet and the World Wide Web
The Internet (the Net)
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet
protocol suite(TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide.Also it is Grew out an
experimental
project of the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) of USA DoD in 1969 [ARPAnet)
Extranet
An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from outside of
an organization's intranet. Extranets are used for specific use cases including business-to-
business (B2B).
useful video about internet and extranet..
*Internet Service Provider (ISP)
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit,domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, colocation.
Addresses on the Internet
Internet Protocol Address (IP) Address)
Internet from all other computers
135.62.128.91
The Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names (ICANN)
Responsible for coordinating IP addresses throughout the world
ICANN accredits certain companies called registrars to register
names (called Domain Names) that are equivalent to the IP address
Home
Page
Webmaster
*Network Applications
Discovery: the Internet allows users to browse and
search data sources, in all topic areas, on the Web.
Search
engines: computer programs that search for
specific information by keywords and report the results
Metasearch
Engines:. is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. searches several engines at once and
integrate the findings of the various
search engines to answer queries posted by users
*Portals
A web portal is most often one specially designed Web page that brings information together from diverse sources in a uniform way. Usually, each information source gets its dedicated area on the page for displaying information (a portlet); often, the user can configure which ones to display. Variants of portals include smashups and intranet "dashboards" for executives and managers.
*types of portals:
1. Commercial (public) portals: offer content for diverse communities
and are the most popular portals on the Internet
2. Affinity portals: offer a single point of entry to an
entire community of interest, such as a hoppy group or political party
3. Corporate/ Enterprise portals: offer a personalized single point of
access to information located within the organization
4. Industry wide portals: offer
a single point of entry to information for an entire industry
*Communication
Electronic
mail (e-mail): is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other computer networks.
Web-based call centers: are services that provide effective personalize customer contact
as an important part of Web based customer support
Electronic chat room: is primarily used to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even asynchronous conferencing. The term can thus mean any technology ranging from real-time online chat and online interaction with strangers instant messaging and online forums to fully immersive graphical social environments.
Unified
Communications
simplifies and integrates all forms of
communications , voice mail, fax, chat, e-mail, instant messaging, short
message service, presence (location) services, and videoconferencing – on a
common hardware and software platform.
*Collaboration
is working with others to do a task and to achieve shared goals. It is a recursive process where two or more people or organizations work together to realize shared goals, (this is more than the intersection of common goals seen in co-operative ventures, but a deep, collective determination to reach an identical objective.
Work group: refers specifically to two or more
individuals who act together to perform some task.
Virtual group: (team) is when group members are in different
locations.
Teleconferencing:
the use of electronic communication that
allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous
conference.
Videoconference:
is when participants in one location can
see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics
and animation by electronic means
Web conferencing:
videoconferencing conducted over the
Internet.
Real-time collaboration tools:
support synchronous communication of
graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards.
*Software products supporting collaboration
*Telepresence Systems
refers to a set of technologies which allow a person to feel as if they were present, to give the appearance of being present, or to have an effect, via telerobotics, at a place other than their true location.
*E-Learning and Distance Learning
Information and communication technology (ICT) in education, EdTech, learning technology, multimedia learning, technology-enhanced learning (TEL), computer-based instruction (CBI), computer managed instruction, computer-based training (CBT), computer-assisted instruction or computer-aided instruction (CAI), internet-based training (IBT), flexible learning, web-based training (WBT), online education, online learning,virtual education, virtual learning environments (VLE; which are also called learning platforms), m-learning, and digital education. In usage, all of these terms appear in articles and reviews; the term "e-learning" is used frequently, but is variously and imprecisely defined and applied.
*Telecommuting
is a work arrais a work arrangement in which employees do not commute to a central place of work. A person who telecommutes is known as a "telecommuter", "teleworker", and sometimes as a "home-sourced," or "work-at-home" employeengement in which employees do not commute to a central place of work. A person who telecommutes is known as a "telecommuter", "teleworker", and sometimes as a "home-sourced," or "work-at-home" employee
Benefits:
For Employees
Reduced stress, improved family life
Employment opportunities for single
parents and persons with disabilities
For Employers
Increased productivity
Ability to retain skilled employees
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